Technology growth in the digital age: Evidence from China

Based on a broad definition of the digital economy, this study constructs a digital technology capital measure-ment framework and measures China's digital technology capital services from 2002 to 2018 to illustrate the growth of digital technology. In addition, the relationship between digital technology and economic growth is examined using the growth accounting method and econometric panel models from the perspective of the substitution and penetration effects of information and communication technologies. The measurement results show that China's digital technology capital services grew faster than non-digital ones from 2002 to 2018. In terms of the substitution effect, the contribution of traditional capital to economic growth is diminishing, whereas digital technology capital's contribution is expanding. Regarding the penetration effect, the contribution of digital technology capital to labor productivity is gradually overtaking that of traditional capital, with the impact varying by sector. These results may provide developing countries with a strategy to seek new devel-opment drivers and sustain economic growth in the post-pandemic era.

Study on global R&D of anti-coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors based on patent analysis.

3CL protease inhibitors has become the focus of the current research on anti-coronavirus drugs. The analysis of the patent information will help the research and innovation of such anti-coronavirus drugs. This paper analyzes the application trends of anti-coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitor-related patents, the distribution of regional status of patents, important applicants, patented technology themes, progress of key drug development and other factors. We also analyze the development of related patent technologies and aim to help domestic pharmaceutical enterprises carry out innovation and complete the strategic layout.Copyright © 2023 Chinese Journal of New Drugs Co. Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Study on global R&D of anti-coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors based on patent analysis.

3CL protease inhibitors has become the focus of the current research on anti-coronavirus drugs. The analysis of the patent information will help the research and innovation of such anti-coronavirus drugs. This paper analyzes the application trends of anti-coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitor-related patents, the distribution of regional status of patents, important applicants, patented technology themes, progress of key drug development and other factors. We also analyze the development of related patent technologies and aim to help domestic pharmaceutical enterprises carry out innovation and complete the strategic layout.Copyright © 2023 Chinese Journal of New Drugs Co. Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Network characteristics and stock liquidity:Evidence from the UK

This article examines the effect of the Engle-Granger (E-G) price spillover network characteristics on firm's stock liquidity with a longitudinal dataset of FTSE 350 from 2006 to 2021. We find that the subprime crisis, European debt sovereign crisis, British Brexit and COVID-19 caused dramatic network structure change. We also find that firms with higher centrality are likely to suffer from more or greater price shocks leading to lower stock liquidity. Finally, the robust of our results has also been identified, and a general framework for network characteristics and stock liquidity has been established to some extent. © 2022

The Value of Internal Control during a Crisis: Evidence from Enterprise Resilience

Internal control is an important internal governance mechanism of enterprises and plays an important role in preventing and controlling corporate risks. This paper utilizes COVID-19 shocks and uses data from listed companies in China for 2019–2021 in order to study the impact of internal control on enterprise resilience and its functioning mechanism. The findings show that internal control significantly improves enterprise resilience during a crisis. By using firm characteristic quantile regressions, it is found that under a crisis, larger firms with sufficient cash flow from operating activities are more protected by internal control and more resilient. Mechanistic analysis suggests that internal control further increases enterprise resilience by improving resource allocation efficiency, reducing operating risk, and increasing innovation output. Further analysis shows that government support can enhance the resilience of firms during crises through tax and fiscal policies;a better business environment enhances firms' ability to withstand risks in crisis situations and helps them gain a competitive advantage in crisis situations. Based on this, this paper provides empirical evidence for revising and improving the internal control system of enterprises to reduce the negative impact of public health emergencies in the context of epidemics. © 2022 by the authors.

Research progress on mechanism and clinic application of traditional Chinese medicine against coronavirus

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest positive-strand RNA viruses discovered, with high variability and high infectivity. There are seven kinds of CoVs that can infect humans so far. Among them, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 have caused global outbreaks, posing a serious threat to global public health security. Research on CoVs infection has never stopped, and the current treatment methods mainly focus on improving symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in preventing and treating various diseases. In terms of anti-CoVs, TCM has attracted much attention because of its multi-CoVs and multi-targets, significant antiviral effect and few side effect. TCM extracts or their compounds can exert anti-CoVs effects by directly or indirectly inhibiting the invasion, replication, assembly of CoVs, regulating immunity and inhibiting inflammation. This article systematically reviews the mechanism and clinical application of TCM in anti-CoVs and alleviating virus-induced symptoms, in order to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of anti-coronavirus drugs. © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.

Trifluoroacetic Anhydride as Acylating Agent and Dehydrant in One-pot Synthesis of Nirmatrelvir

Nirmatrelvir is an effective ingredient in the anti COVID-19 drug Paxlovid. There were two key steps in the original synthetic route, which involved trifluoroacetylation and dehydration. A facile and efficient synthesis of nirmatrelvir is described in this work. Intermediate 7 was converted to nirmatrelvir in one-pot synthesis with trifluoroacetic anhydride. In addition, the condensation and deprotection conditions were optimized. The yield of nirmatrelvir produced from 1raised from 51.6% to 72.5%. © 2023,Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.All Rights Reserved.

Research progress on mechanism and clinic application of traditional Chinese medicine against coronavirus

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest positive-strand RNA viruses discovered, with high variability and high infectivity. There are seven kinds of CoVs that can infect humans so far. Among them, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 have caused global outbreaks, posing a serious threat to global public health security. Research on CoVs infection has never stopped, and the current treatment methods mainly focus on improving symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in preventing and treating various diseases. In terms of anti-CoVs, TCM has attracted much attention because of its multi-CoVs and multi-targets, significant antiviral effect and few side effect. TCM extracts or their compounds can exert anti-CoVs effects by directly or indirectly inhibiting the invasion, replication, assembly of CoVs, regulating immunity and inhibiting inflammation. This article systematically reviews the mechanism and clinical application of TCM in anti-CoVs and alleviating virus-induced symptoms, in order to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of anti-coronavirus drugs. Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.

Democratising large scale instrument-based science through e-Infrastructure

Modern scientific instruments are becoming essential for discoveries because they provide unprecedented insight into physical or biological events - often in real time. However, these instruments may generate large amounts of data, and increasingly they require sophisticated e-infrastructure for analysis, storage and archive. The increasing complexity and scale of the data, processing steps and systems has made it difficult for domain scientists to perform their research, narrowing the user base to a select few. In this paper, we present a framework that democratises large-scale instrument-based science, increasing the number of researchers who can engage. We discuss a prototype at the University of Queensland. The system is illustrated through two case studies, one involving light microscopy imaging of the innate immune system, and the other electron microscopy imaging of the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. © 2022 IEEE.

[Psychological and behavioral functioning of children and adolescents during long-term home-schooling].

Objective: To study the characteristics and risk factors of psychological and behavioral problems of children and adolescents of different ages and genders in long-term home-schooling during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Further, to provide scientific basis for more targeted psychological intervention and coping strategies in the future. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted on students aged 6-16 years old in five representative cities of North (Beijing), East (Shanghai), West (Chongqing), South (Guangzhou) and Middle (Wuhan) in China. In this study, the social behavior and psychological abnormalities which was defined as the positive of any dimension were investigated in multiple dimensions during long-term home-schooling. The influencing factors of psycho-behavioral problems were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the confounding factors were corrected with graded multivariable adjustment. Results: A total of 6 906 valid questionnaires were collected including 3 592 boys and 3 314 girls, of whom 3 626 were children (6-11 years old) and 3 280 were adolescents (12-16 years old). The positive detection rate of psychosocial-behavioral problems were 13.0% (900/6 906) totally, 9.6% (344/3 592) in boys and 16.8% (556/3 314) in girls respectively, and 7.3%(142/1 946) in boys aged 6-11, 14.0%(235/1 680) in girls aged 6-11, 12.3%(202/1 646) in boys aged 12-16, 19.6%(321/1 634) in girls aged 12-16 respectively. There were significant differences between the psychological problems group and the non-psychological problems group in gender, parent-offspring conflict, number of close friends, family income change, sedentary time, homework time, screen exposure time, physical activity, dietary problems (χ²=78.851, 285.264, 52.839, 26.284, 22.778, 11.024, 10.688, 36.814, 70.982, all P<0.01). The most common symptoms in boys aged 6-11 years were compulsive activity, schizoid and depression, in girls aged 6-11 years were schizoid/compulsive activity, hyperactivity and social withdrawal, in boys aged 12-16 years were hyperactivity, compulsive activity and aggressive behavior, and in girls aged 12-16 years were schizoid, anxiety/compulsive activity and depression/withdrawal, respectively. After graded multivariable adjustment, besides the common risk factors, homework time and online study time were the risk factors of 6-11 years old groups [boys OR(95%CI): 1.750 (1.32-2.32), 1.214(1.00-1.47), girls: 1.579(1.25-1.99), 1.222(1.05-1.42), all P<0.05], videogames time were the risk factors of 12-16 years old groups [ boys: 2.237 (1.60-3.13), girls: 1.272 (1.00-1.61), all P<0.05]. Conclusions: Some children and adolescents may have psychological and behavioral problems during long-term home-schooling. The psychological and behavioral manifestations differed in age and gender subgroups, which deserve special attention in each subgroups. Schools, families and specialists should actively provide precise psychological support and comprehensive intervention strategies according to special features and risk factors.

Consistency of Standards and Conformity Assessment: Market Supervision Offers Two Driving Forces for Green Recovery

This paper is to discuss the impact of the consistency of standards and conformity assessment on green recovery with enterprises as the main body, especially the resumption of work and production under the background of COVID-19 epidemic situation and the transformation of export to domestic sales. Special attention is paid to the operation status of enterprises as market entities and the survival status of some multinational enterprises in the gap between standards and conformity assessment. In addition, resposibility of market regulation to improve the consistency of standards and conformity assessment to promote green recovery is also discussed.

Prevalence and impact factors of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 detection in 599 hospitalized COVID-19 patients

OBJECTIVES: Repeat-positive tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were common. We aimed to investigate the rate and risk factors of recurrent positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. METHODS: Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 3513) were collected to detect SARS-CoV-2 during the hospitalization. We analysed the recurrent positive rate after consecutive negative results and its relationship to demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Among 599 enrolled individuals with COVID-19, the median time for viral RNA shedding was 24 days (interquartile range 19-33 days). The positive rates of RT-PCR were 35.9% (215/599), 17.0% (65/383) and 12.4% (23/185) after one, two and three consecutive negative RT-PCR test results, respectively. Medians of Ct values of initial positive test, rebound positive test after two consecutive negative results, and rebound positive after three consecutive negative results were 28.8, 32.8 and 36.1, respectively. Compared with male patients, females had a significantly higher rate of recurrent positive RT-PCR after three consecutive negative results (18.2%, 18/99, versus 5.8%, 5/86;p 0.013). Older individuals (>=55 years) had a significantly higher rate of recurrent positive RT-PCR after one negative result (42.3%, 165/390, versus 23.9%, 50/209;p < 0.001). Nasopharyngeal swab tests produced a higher positive rate than oropharyngeal swab tests (37.3%, 152/408, versus 35.8%, 1111/3105). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the prevalence and dynamic characteristics of recurrent positive RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2. We showed that around 17.0% (65/383) of patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after two consecutive negative results. Patients with a rebound positive RT-PCR test had a low viral load. Older age and being female were risk factors for recurrent positive results.

Development of SARS-CoV-2 isothermal amplification detection kits

The SARS-CoV-2 isothermal amplification detection kits based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were developed and evaluated on three types samples of SARS-CoV-2. The kits included enzyme reaction mixtures and chromogenic agents. After the isothermal amplification reactions were completed, the reaction results were judged by using the chromogenic agents to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 exists in the samples to be tested. The detection kits have the advantages of convenient operation, fast detection speed and high sensitivity up to 1 copy of virus particles per reaction, which can speed up the detection speed of suspected cases, and avoid the missing detection problems caused by the low detection sensitivity.

Relationship between initial CT signs and symptoms onset time in COVID-19 patients outside Wuhan

Objective: To explore the correlation between initial chest CT signs and onset time in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan area and to identify the early changes in chest CT signs. Methods: We made a retrospective analysis of the clinical features and CT signs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province from January 22 to February 10, 2020. The CT signs were mainly analyzed for ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation and GGO combined with consolidation in the lung, and the degree of lung injury in each patient was scored at the same time. The correlation of CT signs and lung injury score with onset time was analyzed, and the data were non-linearly fitted (quadratic fitting curve) to judge the changes of CT signs and scores with time. Results: A total of 293 lesions were detected in 91 patients with COVID-19, including 143 (48.8%) GGO, 116 (39.6%) GGO with consolidation and 34 (11.6%) simple consolidation. The nonlinear fitting analysis revealed that the GGO had a downward trend with the onset time, the quadratic fitting curve of GGO combined with consolidation showed a positive "U" shape, and the solid change showed an inverted "U" shape;and the three signs had a turning point on the 7th day. At the same time, the lung injury score of the patients peaked on the 7th day. Conclusion: The main CT manifestations of patients with COVID-19 are GGO and GGO combined with consolidation, and the 7th day of onset may be the key time point for the change of CT signs. © 2020, Editorial Board of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences). All right reserved.